Television apparatus



Jan. 5, 1937. M. CENTENO v.

TELEVISION APPARATUS Filed Aug. 4, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet l ML 015mgCmrz/vo V INVENTOR ATTOR N EY WITNESS Jan. 5, 1937. M. CENTENO v.

TELEVISION APPARATUS Filed Aug. 4, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORjam/140%.

ATTORNEY ML CHOR (291/115 19.;

BY W

Jan. 5, 1937. M. CENTENO v; 2,066,715

TELEVI S ION APPARATUS Filed Aug. 4, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 M51; gh'weaLE VIEJVO V INVENTOR I I ATTORNEY Jan. 5, 1937.

WITNESS- M. CENTENO v.

TELEVISION APPARATUS Filed Aug.

Ell. $03

6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR ATTOR N EY Jan. 5, 1937. CENTENO v, 2,066,715

TELEVI S ION APPARATUS Filed Aug. 4, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 MEL GHORUzwnszvo V INVENTOR BY aw; 925M160.

wrruzs: I ATTORNEY Jan. 5, 1937; M, CE'NTENO v, 2,066,715

TELEVISION APPARATUS Filed Aug. 4, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 MEL c1102Czjvnsyo If INVENTOR BY vilfggssiaytl ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 5, 1937"TELEVISION APPARATUS Melchor Centeno V., Caracas, .Venezuela, assignorto International Television Radio Corporation,

New York, N. Y.

Application August 4, 1932, Serial No. 627,519

(01. its- 6) 9 Claims.

Another object is to provide a novel system of stereoscopic television.

A further object is to provide an improved and simple form of scanner.

Still another object is to provide novel means for accomplishing directtelevision.

Another object is to provide means whereby compactness of apparatus issecured.

Still another object is to provide means for obtaining uniformity oflight on the scanning area.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be pointed out orwill become apparent as the specification proceeds.

The invention will be fully and comprehensively understood from aconsideration of the following detailed description when read inconnection with the accompanying drawings which form part of theapplication with the understanding, however, that the improvement iscapable of extended application and is not confined to the exact showingof the drawings nor to the precise construction described, and,therefore, such changes and modifications may be made therefrom as donot affect the spirit of the invention nor exceed the scope thereof asexpressed in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the scanner.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the outer or stationary frame of thescanner.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the inner or movable frame of thescanner.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a mirror and its mounting. v

' Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a source of oscillating currentnecessary'in the television apparatus of my invention.

Fig, 7 is a diagrammatic drawing of a television system embodying myinvention. Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 are diagrammatic drawings of othertelevision systems of my invention.

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic drawing of a television system for viewingpictures sterescopically.

Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic drawing of pick-up apparatus which may beemployed in any of the systems shown in Figs. '1 to 12, inclusive.

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic drawing of an optical arrangement for thescanning system.

Fig. 15 is a view showing an embodiment of the system shown in Fig. 14and including means for adjusting the lens relative to the mirror.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic view of the scanning operation.

Fig. 17 is an elevational view showing a screen nonuniformly lighted,which is the effect obtained unless the screen shown in Fig. 19 or thelens shown in Figs. and 21 are used in the scanning system.

Fig. 18 is an elevational view of a uniformly lighted screen, theuniform lighting being obtained by the use of the apparatus of myinvention.

Fig. 19 is an elevational view of a translucent sheet which may beinterposed between the mirror and the screen of Fig. 16 in the positionof the dotted line of said Fig. 16. I

Fig. 20 is an elevational view of the concave face of a concavo-convexlens which may be used instead of the sheet shown in Fig. 19 in order toobtain a uniformly lighted screen.

Fig. 21 is a side elevation of the concavo-convex lens shown in Fig. 20;and

Fig. 22 is a diagrammatic drawing showing the lens of Figs. 20 and 21 ina scanning system.

Referring to the drawings for a more detailed description thereof and atfirst to Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, which show the construction of thescanner, the numeral I designates the static frame which may suitably beof soft iron and which serves as a support for an inner or floatingframe 2. Frame 2 is vibratably supported by frame I by means of a pairof tense wires or strings 3 and the tightening mechanism 4 for saidwires or strings. The lower wire 3 is secured to the bottoms of frames Iand 2 while the upper wire 3 is secured to the top of frame 2 and to astrip 5 which is supported on screws 6a passing through the top of theframe I. Nuts I5 and the heads of the bolts hold the strip 5 in positionon the. bolts while nuts I and "la hold the bolts in adjusted positionrelative to the top of frame I. The adjustment of nuts 'I and la enablethe tension of wires 3 to be adjusted as desired so that the desiredperiod of vibration of frame 2 maybe obtained. Notches I8 are made inthe side edges of the upper and lower portions of the frame 2 whilenotches I2 are formed in the side edges of strip 5 and the bottom memberof frame I so that the wires 3 may be seated therein. The stationaryframe I may be held in position by means of screws 8. Frame I carriesthe low frequency energizing coils 9, said'coils having cores I0 of softiron which are riveted or otherwise rigidly secured to frame I at pointsII, as shown in Figs. land 3. The coils 9 are connected in series andare energized by the low frequency oscillating current used for drivingthe device. The vibratable or low frequency frame 2, which also may beof soft iron, has two projections I3 extending from opposite side edgesof the side members of the frame, these projections acting pieces bynuts 2|.

as the armatures of the electro-magnets 8|0. Projecting inwardly offrame 2 from the top and bottom thereof are cores l4 and coils I8. Thementioned wires 3 pass through apertures |1 formed in the cores M. Theside or vertical members of frame 2 have apertures i8 to receivesomewhat loosely screws 28 of the minor mounting. The screws 2ll'areheld to the frame 2 by nuts in contact with the side or verticalmembers, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. The screws pass through oblongpieces 22 and are held to said The pieces 22 are each perforated in twoplaces to receive a wire loop 24, the plane of which is oblique to theside edges of the pieces 22. A vibratable armature is secured to theloop 24 and carries a mirror 28. The armature 25 is the armature of themagnets |4|8. The coils iii are connected in series and the oscillatingcurrent of higher frequency energizes them, thereby causing the armature25 and the mirror 28 to vibrate at the higher rate of vibration.Furthermore as the armature 25 vibrates with the floating frame 2 at thelower frequency of vibration the mirror 28 will also vibrate at thelower frequency of vibration and hence will be acted on by two vibratingforces at right angles to each other, one vertical and the otherhorizontal. Since the rates of vibration are different, a beam of lightreflected from the mirror will trace on a screen a Lissajoux figure ofthe zig-zagging type. Properly choosing the rates of vibration willcause the reflected beam to closely scan the television image. The airgaps between the cores in and the members |3 of the frame 2 and also theair gaps between the ends of armature 25 and cores H are so proportionedthat no matter how great the amplitude of the vibrations may happen tobe, neither the members i3 nor the armature 25 will come into contactwith the cores ID or 4.

Fig. 6 shows one means bywhich the scanner may be set into vibration.Two vacuum tubes 21 and 28 of the three element type have theirfilaments lighted from battery 28 and their plate currents supplied bybattery 30, while their grid potentials are obtained from batteries 3|and 32, respectively. The plate and grid circuits of tube 21 areinductively connected to each other by means of transformer 33 as shown.The primary or plate-coil of transformer 33 is connected in parallelwith a condenser 34. The plate circuit of tube 21 and the grid cir'cuitof tube 28 are inductively connected by means of transformer 35. Fromthe plate circuit of tube 28, and in series with it, are the outputbinding posts; The oscillating circuit formed by the primary oftransformer 33 and the condenser 34, is adjusted to the desiredfrequency; this causes the tube 21 to oscillate at that frequency. Theoscillations are fed through transformer 35 into the grid circuit oftube 28, thereby causing the latter to oscillate at the same frequency,and hence the output will be an oscillating current of chosen frequency.Means may be provided for varying either the frequency of oscillation orthe output of the oscil lator. Three'such means are shown in Fig. 6,namely, the condenser 34 may be partly or altogether variable, therheostat 38 in the plate circuit of tube 21 may be used to reduce theplate current and to adjust the frequency of oscillation, the rheostat31 may be used for changing the filament current of tube 31. Similarrheostats may be placed in the circuits of tube 28, as in the platecircuit, in series with or shunting the output, or in the filamentcircuit. These optional means tend either to change the frequency, orthe output, or both.

Figs. 7 and 8 show two methods for one-way television transmission andreception by wire. Two-way television may be accomplished using similarmethods asishown in previous patents to the present inventor. Fig. 7shows a suitable light'source 38 energized either from a battery orelectric mains. The light source emits a thin strong pencil of light 38,which is reflected by the scanner shown conventionally at 48 with thetwo driving coils 4| and 42. The reflected ray performs the scanning ofthe image 43 to be televised. The light reflected from the image iscollected by suitable photo-electric cells 44. The photo-electriccurrent is conducted by wires 45 to a suitable amplifier 48 which isenergized from source 41. The amplified current is carried by line 48towards the receiving station. The driving magnets of coils 48 and 4|are controlled by rheostats 49 and 58, respectively. The currents forenergizing the coils 48 and 4| come from the oscillators 5| and 52,respectively, having a source 53 which may be local or from the electricmeans. The driving currents are carried towards the receiving station bypairs of wires 54 and 55.

The received photo-electric impulses are amplified at the receiving endby a suitable amplifier 58 having a source 51, and the amplified currentis sent to energize a receiving lamp (crater, neon or glow lamp) 58 andlens 58. The scanning device at the receiver has its driving magnets 88and 8| controlled byrheostats 82 and 83, the energizing currents comingfrom the amplifiers 84 and 85 having sources 88, which amplifiers servethe purpose of amplifying the driving currents coming through the pairsof lines 54 and 55. The receiving lamp 58 sends a thin pencil ofmodulated light which is reflected by the scanners mirror as ray 81, andgoes to "scan on a screen the received image 88.

With the system illustrated in Fig. 7 it will be necessary to use threepairs of wires, namely, 54 and 55 for synchronization and 48 for thephoto-electric impulses. In Fig. 7, only two wires are needed, namely,wires 88. Y

Fig. 8 shows a local source of light 18, scanner 1|, image 12, ray oflight 18, photo-electric cells 14, oscillators 15 and 18 with source 11,photocurrent amplifier 18 with source 18a, and a pair of wires 88 whichgo to the receiving end. At the receiving end we have amplifier 18 andsource 88, receiving lamp 8|, scanner 82, modulated ray of light 83,received image 84, and two oscillators 85 and 88 with source 81,identical with those, 15 and 18, of the transmitter. The drivingfrequencies emanating from the oscillators are remarkably constant.Therefore, it is feasible to adjust the frequencies of 85 and 88 so thatthey be made identical with the frequencies of 18 and 18. In thismanner, with simplicity and compactness, it is possible to televiseusing only one pair of wires, namely 88.

- In Fig. 9, is shown another method by, which television by one pair ofwires may be accomplished. The numerals 88, 88 and 88 indicaterespectively the pairs of wires ca ying the two driving frequencies andthe photo-electric curend. This line current consists of threecomponents: one of the lower driving frequency and of constantamplitude, another of the higher driving frequency and also of constantampli tude, and the photo-electric current with the precedingfrequencies suppressed at filter 9|. In practice it may be found thatfilter 9| is not necessary, since the suppressed frequencies of thephoto-electric current may happen to be of constant amplitude and,therefore, there is no necessity of suppressing them. At the receivingend we have a general amplifier 95 with source 96. The amplified currentdivides into three branches as shown, one going to filter 91 whichpasses only one of the driving frequencies, another going to filter 98which passes only the other driving frequency, and a third branch goingto double-filter 99, identical with filter 9| of transmitter, intendedto suppress the components of the driving frequencies. In this manner,the lines I and IOI carry the driving currents of the scanner, while theline I02 carries the energizing current of receiving lamp. In practice,as explained in relation with the transmitting end, the filter 99 mightbe found to be unnecessary.

In Fig. 10 is shown a similar method to that illustrated in Fig. 9 fortransmission and reception of television images by radio. Conductors 88and 89 carry the driving currents; conductors 90 carry' thephoto-electric pulses. 9| is a double filter (which may be unnecessary,as explained before) and 92 is the mixer or modulator. This modulator 92modulates the oscillations (high frequency or radio-frequency) comingfrom the oscillator I03; the modulated frequencies act upon theradio-transmitter I04, and the issuing radio-waves or impulses go'out tospace by antenna I05 and ground I05. At the receiving end we have areceiving antenna and ground I01 and I08, respectively, a radio-receiverI09, with amplifier H0 and source III. This amplifier IIO gives offthree branches: one goes to filter II2, another to filter H3, and thethird tofilter II4; the use of these filters was explained underreceiving'end of Fig. 9. Lines II5, H6 and H1 serve the same purpose aslines I00, IM and I02 of Fig. 9.

In Fig. 11 is shown another system for radio transmission and receptionof television images. Lines H8 and II9 carry the driving currents of thetransmitters scanner; line I20 carries the photo-electric impulses; I2Iand I22 are local sources for driving the scanner at the transmitterwith source I23; I24 is a filter having the same purpose as filter 9| ofFigs. 9 and I25 is a modulator; I21 is a radio-frequency oscillator andI26 is the radio-transmitter. Filter I24 might be found in practice tobe unnecessary. At the receiving end we have: receiving antenna I28;radio-receiver I29 and amplifier I30; local oscillators I3I and I32 fordriving the scanner of the receiver in synchronism (due tocharacteristic constancy of oscillators) with the scanner at thetransmitter; lines I33 and I34 carry the driving impulses for thescanner; and wires I35 carry the amplified photo-electric current to thereceiving lamp.

In Figs. 12 and 13 are shown two television systems, one fortransmitting stereoscopic or three-dimensional television images, andfor receiving them; and another for daylight or direct televisiontransmission.

Fig. 12 illustrates a system of stereoscopic television, I36 is theimage to be transmitted; I31 is the scanning mirror; I38 is the sourceof light, I39 is one group of photoelectriccells; I40 is another group,so placed with respect to I36 so as to receive light from another anglethan group I39; MI and I42 are the respective amplifiers for thecurrents from I39 and I40, respectively. Through I43 and I44 (whichmight be different radio carriers instead of wire lines as shown) theamplified currents are sent to the receiving end. At this end we havethe scanning mirror I45 vibrating (by any of the means explained inprevious systems) in synchronism with mirror I31 of the transmitter;receiving lamp I46 is'energized (after suitable amplification) bycurrent coming through I43, and receiving lamp I41 is energized (alsoafter suitable amplification) by current coming from I44.

Since the receiving lamps are placed with respect cells I 39 and I40sees the transmitted image I36. Therefore, if a person places himself soas to look simultaneously through lenses I50 and I5 I, thus having theopaque diaphragm I52 vertically in front of his face as if dividing itinto two equal halves, that person will see a different image witheach'eye, and if the placing of the photo-cells groups |39 and I40 andof the receiving lamps I46 and I41 is properly arranged, the two imageswill blend in the persons brain and produce the impression to him thathe is looking with both eyes to a single image, i. e. I36, and hence hewill think he is looking at a three-dimensional figure. This is justlike looking into an ordinary stereoscope. The only drawback of thismethod is the necessity of using two separate channels (either wire orradio, the first not being so great a drawback) for the transmission ofthe image. But it is to be remembered in this case that zone televisionalso uses several channels for transmitting the complete image, onechannel for each zone.

Indifig. 13 is shown an arrangement for securing daylight or directtelevision; that is to say, television not by the flying spot method,but television using the reflected light from the wholly illuminatedimage to be transmitted. Of course, this refers only to the transmitter.Referring to the Fig. 13, we have: The image to be transmitted, i. e.,the image of object I53, is suitably illuminated, either by daylight orartificial light; a ray of light from any point of the image, as rayI54, for instance, will enter the dark-box I55, through the largeaperture I56; this large aperture will, due to its size, permit raysfrom all points of the image I53 /to enter simultaneously into thedarkbox I55. The, scanner I51 reflects those rays, as ray I58, towardsthe box (also dark) I59, which contains the photo-electric cell or cellsI60. For zone television several cells are needed. Only a small beam, asI58, enters the dark-box I59 through an aperture I6I. In case of zonetelevision, as many apertures are needed as there are photo-electriccells inside the dark-box I59. Wires I62 carry the photo-electricimpulses to the amplifier (which may also be placed inside the box I55)the wires I63 and I64 carry the energizing driving currents from theoscillators to the scanner I51. In this arrangement the scanning mirrorof scanner I51 acts like the small aperture of a pin-hole camera; as themirror vibrates, the rays coming from the image and reflected on it, aremade also to swing back and forth and sideways, performing the operationof scanning with respect to the aperture ISI on box I59. Therefore, eachand every point of the reflected image is scanned successively by thephoto-electric cell I60. In case of zone television, the vibrations ofI51 are so arranged as to permit that each aperture as IBI will scanonly a zone of the image. A separate cell and amplifier and channel isrequired for each zone. The aperture I56 is shown without any additionaloptical system; it may be provided with an optical system in order toshorten the distance between I56 and the scanner I51, if desired, or topermit changing the focus of the image to be transmitted, so as topermit close-ups or far away scenes. Also, the aperture ISI may beprovided with small lens and diaphragm (of the iris type used inphotography), so as to permit adjusting the size of the scanning beamsgoing into the photo-electric cell, thus modifying at will the degree ofdetail obtainable from the illuminated image I53. The photo-cellamplifier and the oscillators for driving the scanner may be arrangedinside the box I55 if preferred, only by increasing the size of saidbox. Box I 55 and box I 59 are blackened boxes to avoid spurious andundesirable stray light from getting into the cell and spoiling thetransmission.

The direct type of television transmitter shown is suitable fortelevision of motion pictures, by simply projecting the motion pictureon a-screen at I53 (Fig. 13), the reflected light from this screen beingused for the scanning. In this manner, television transmission of amotion picture may be accomplished from a theatre without the necessityof passing the picture expressly for the television transmission; thescanner in this case serves the purpose of the eyes" of a largeaudience; in other words, the television transmitter-scanner seatsitself within the audience as any one of the audience. In this manner,it is also suitable for transmitting scenes from the stage or in thefields of sport, etc. The scanner just takes the place of a spectator.

According to my invention I may place in the path of the scanning beaman optical system adapted to enlarge the scanning rectangle and/ormodify the'motion of the scanning beam. Two

means are hereinafter described, by which this (scanning rectangle)produced on said object or screen I61 is of the type shown in I68, wherewe can see that the light appears to the eye (due to persistence ofvision) as accumulated towards the sides and corners of the scanningrectangle. This crowding" of the light towards the sides and corners(principally towards the latter) is .due to the character of the motionof the scanning beam, which, as said before, is almost simple harmonicmotion. This crowding" of light is not desirable; my improvementseliminate this. One of the crowding eliminators' is a photographic filmor plate, and the other is a special lens or combination of lenses.

The desired efiect is shown in Fig. 18, i. e., a uniformly illuminatedarea. If in the path 0! the scanning beam (Fig. 16) is interposed at thedotted place marked I69, a photographic film or plate, and the scanningprocess effected over its active surface for the suflicient length 01.time (a fraction of a second-probably, this time depending on the lightflux used), the scanning rectangle will be photographed on the film orplate. After developing and fixing, the transparent film or plate willlook something like Fig.

19, with the points on the rectangle which appear with more light to theeye, appearing blacker in the film or plate. Now, if the film or plateis again placed at I69, it will absorb light at the places we desire tohave it absorbed, and the scanning rectangle produced at I61 will belike I10. This, then, is a way of eliminating the crowding of light. Thefilm or plate may be used in place of screen I61, thereby serving as thereceiving screen. An opaque screen of non-uniform reflecting power willserve the same end.

The other means proposed isthe use of a lens or system of lenses, whichwill enlarge the rec tangle and at the same time eliminate the crowding.The rectangle enlargement may be then decreased and brought to thedesired size (if this is necessary) by means of proper lenses in theordinary way.

Figs. 20 and 21 illustrate a suitable form of lense for eliminating thecrowding, at the same time enlarging somewhat the size of the scanningrectangle. The lens illustrated is of the concavo-convex type, theconcave side being spherical and centered at the scanning mirror, so asto have the beam of light pass without deviation to the convex side; inother words, the scanning beam will enter the concave side of the lensnormally. The convex side of the lens is of such a shape (calculablemathematically) as to produce the desired uncrowding of the light; inother words, the surface I12 deviates the scanning beam in such a manneras to convert its almost simple harmonic angular motion into an almoststraight (or direct proportion) angular motion. It is impossible (alsodemonstrable mathematically) to absolutely transform the simple harmonicmotion into a straight line (re versing, back and forth) motion, in thismanner, but an approximate solution is practical.

To illustrate more clearly the object of the lens, refer to Fig. 22.I12a is the scanning beam from the source of light; I19 is the scanningmirror which is supposed to be vibrating in this case in only onedirection, namely, about horizontal axis (this is for clearness in thedescription); I14 and I15 are the maximum deviations experienced by thescanning beam as reflected from the vibrating mirror; I16 is the lensunder question (we see that the beam follows its direction with outdeviation up to the convex side of the lens) at the convex side of thelens, the beam I14 is deflected to I11 and the beam I15 to I18; I82I83is the receiving screen or subject being televised; if the lens had notbeen interposed in the path of the beam of light the scanning line"would take place at Iii-I on the screen or subject; IN-IBS is smallerthan I82-I83, of course, The image "line" produced without the lenswould appear as I8I; with the lens introduced, the image line" wouldappear uniformly (almost) illuminated as in I96. Of course, the othermotion of the mirror would produce the other component of the scanningrectangle which would, consequently, appear almost uniiormlyilluminated.

It is to be noted that the convex surface I12 of the lens must have acurvature smaller than the concave surface has, so as to permit theenlarging of the scanning rectangle. This makes the lens thicker at theedges than at the center.

Referring again to Fig. 16, it is also to be noted 75 reversal of thescanning, which would happen in case a double-convex lens were used.

Optical system of the apparatus Figures 14 and 15 illustrate an opticalsystem for the apparatus, whose object is to reduce the size of thedevice. Fig. 14 shows it diagrammatically: I81 is the scanning device;I88 is the vibrating mirror of same; I89 is the source of light, eitherof the transmitter or of the receiver; I90 is the condensing lens forconcentrating the image of the source I 89 onto the subject or receivingscreen at I92; I9I is a reflecting surface (mirror). The light from I89is concentrated by I90, reflected by I 9|, reflected again by I88 and atI92 is formed the image of source I89.

Fig. 15 shows the practical arrangement: I89 is the source. of light,which is an incandescent filament (inside of a gladd bulb not shown) atthe transmitter, and the crater of a regular crater type of televisionlamp at the receiver. In the first case, I89 is not modulated, while inthe second case, I89 is modulated proportionately to the photo-electriccells impulses duly amplified and received either by wire or radio(regular routine). In other words, I89 is the source of light of thedevice, I90 is the condensing lens; I9I is the reflecting mirror; I93 isthe enclosing case; I9! is the focusing device for lens I99 intelescoping tube I95; the mirror I 9| is pivoted about axis I96; caseI93 has a projecting part I91 which serves the good purpose of screeningoif stray light which could otherwise go to the subject or screen.

The mirror I 9I is pivotally mounted at I 96 (Fig. 15) so that it can betilted at the proper angle and send the beam of light towards thevibrating mirror as shown in Fig. 14. The device shown in Fig. 15 mayhave its longitudinal axis (which passes through source I89 and centerof lens I99) either vertical or at any other suitable angle.

What is claimed is:

1. A pickup camera for television or facsimile comprising a closure, anopening in said closure for viewing therethrough an externallypositioned image from within said closure, a single, two directionvibrated, mirror scanner positioned in said closure in line with saidopening and said,

externally positioned image, and angularly facing said opening, and aphoto-electric cell located ivirithin said closure in a position withinthe field of reflection of said mirror scanner, and out of line of viewbetween said mirror scanner and said image.

-' 2. A pickup camera for television or facsimile comprising a closure,an optically treated opening in said closure for viewing therethrough anexternally positioned image from within said closure, a single, twodirection vibrated, mirror scanner positioned in said closure in linewith said optically treated opening and said externally positionedimage, and angularly facing said optically treated opening, and aphoto-electric cell located within said closure in a position within thefield of reflection of said mirror, and out of the line of view betweensaid mirror scanner and said image.

8. A pickup camera for television or facsimile comprising a closure, anopening in said closure for viewing therethrough an externallypositioned image from within said closure, a single, differentlyvibrated as to period in each of two directions, mirror scannerpositioned in said closure in line with said opening and said externallypositioned image, and angularly facing said opening, and aphoto-electric cell located within said closure in a position within thefield of reflection of said mirror scanner, and out of the line of viewbetween said scanner mirror and said image.

4. A pickup camera for television or facsimile comprising a closure, anopening in said closure for viewing therethrough an externallypositioned image from within said closure, a single scanner mirrorsuspended to dually vibrate in right angle directions at selecteddifferent periods suitable for scanning purposes positioned in saidclosure in line with said opening and said externally positioned image,and angularly facing said opening, and a photo-electric cell locatedwithin said closure in a position within the field of reflection of saidmirror scanner, and out of the line of view between said scanner andsaid image.

5. A pickup camera for television or facsimile comprising a closure, anopening in said closure for viewing therethrough an externallypositioned image from within said closure, a single, two directionvibrated, mirror scanner positioned in said closure in line with saidopening and said externally positioned image, and angularly facing saidimage and opening, and a photo-electric cell located within a secondclosure within said first mentioned closure in a position within thefield of reflection of said mirror, said second closure having anaperture therein located on a line between said mirror and saidphoto-electric cell.

6. A pickup camera for television or facsimile comprising a closure, anopening in said closure for viewing therethrough an externallypositioned image from within said closure, 8. single,

in said second closure located on a line between said mirror and saidphoto-electric cell.

7. A pickup camera system for television or facsimile of the typeclaimed in claim 1, characterized by the light path between the imageand the mirror scanner including an optical system.

8. A pickup camera system for television or facsimile of the typeclaimed in claim 1, characterized by the light path between thephotoelectric cell and the mirror scanner including an optical system.

9. A pickup camera system for television or facsimile composed of two ormore associated, simultaneously operable, cameras, each characterized bythe structure set forth in claim 1.

IMELCHOR CENTENO V.

